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Causes of Bovine Pneumonia
The aetiology of Bovine Pneumonia is multifactorial, stress and infectious agents both play a major role.
Stress in intensive cattle production
Stress is a major predisposing factor to Pneumonia outbreaks.
Transportation over long distances serves as a stressor as it may be associated with:
- Exhaustion
- Starvation
- Dehydration
- Chilling and overheating depending on weather conditions
- Exposure to vehicle exhaust fumes.
Additional stressors on cattle destined for feedlots are:
- Passage through auction markets
- Commingling
- Processing
- Surgical procedures on arrival at the feedlot
- Dusty environmental conditions
- Nutritional stress associated with a change to high-energy rations in the feedlot.
Infectious agents
Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida are consistently isolated from the lungs of sick cattle. These pathogens are associated with a high mortality rate.
Other pathogens that may also be responsible in the aetiology of the disease include:
- Respiratory viruses:- PI-3, RS, IBR, BVD
- Other bacteria e.g. Histophilus somni
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